Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua kom haus tshiab thiab muaj dej muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev zom kua txiv los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv muaj kab hauv cov tebchaws tau paub nyob hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, Egypt thiab Rome. Cov neeg Loos hu nws ua "vineri" - "tus uas muab lub zog." Lub npe niaj hnub ntawm cov dej haus no yog cawv, nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb, suav nrog hauv thaj chaw yav qab teb ntawm Russia.
Cov lus zais ntawm ua cawv thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig
Cov kua txiv kua txiv muaj ntau ntawm cov piam thaj, yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tso nws sawv rau hauv ib lub taub ntim qhib, cov kab mob me me, tshwj xeeb, poov xab, nkag mus thiab pib nquag nce qib. Nws cov spores ua rau cov txheej txheem fermentation, thiab vim qhov tseeb tias fungus noj ntawm qab zib, cov kua txiv qaub qaub. Thaum ua cawv txiv hmab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov huab cua kom zoo tshaj plaws rau cov fungus rau nws kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab muab rau qhov no hauv cov pa oxygen thiab cua sov txaus. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm fermentation, caw tau, thiab nws cov hom thiab hom yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis - forging, kev laus, ntxiv qab zib, thiab lwm yam.
Wines muaj ntau cov vitamins, tshwj xeeb B1, B6, B12, PP, P thiab C, nrog rau cov folic (B9) thiab pantothenic (B5) acids, lawv pab txhawb rau cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov metabolism hauv lub cev ua haujlwm thiab ua kom txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plab thiab lub plab hnyuv plab hnyuv. Nws muaj: phosphorus, nitrogenous, pectin tshuaj, qab zib, thiab cov ntxhia hauv cov hlau, tooj, zinc, etc. Caw, tshwj xeeb liab, muaj cov nyom ua rau tib neeg lub cev, muaj cov khoom siv bioenergetic thiab bactericidal, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm hnyav hlau thiab cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab …
Rau kev tsim cov chaw nres nkoj lossis Madeira, zoo tib yam lossis vintage, txog 15 hom txiv kab ntxwv tuaj yeem siv tau.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cawv
Txhua lub teb chaws ib txwm koom nrog winemaking: Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Spain, Bulgaria, Russia, thiab lwm yam, nws muaj nws qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cawv. Cov cawv ntawm Lavxias tau muab cais mus rau hauv lub txim taws thiab tseem, cov qub muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide, thiab tom kawg tsis tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev faib cov cawv txiv hmab los ntawm cov piam thaj thiab dej cawv cov ntsiab lus:
- canteens, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj qab zib ntxiv, lawv lub zog yog 9-14 °;
- khoom qab zib ib nrab qab zib, muaj 3-10% qab zib, muaj zog 9-15 °;
- khoom qab zib muaj zog, muaj 3-13% qab zib, muaj zog 17-20 °;
- khoom qab zib qab zib thiab liqueur, muaj 16-32% piam thaj, muaj zog 13-16 °;
- effervescent, ib txwm muaj thiab artificially carbonated.
Varietal cawv tsuas yog ua cov txiv quav ntswv nyoos ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ntau yam sib xyaw, xyaw - thiab txiv hmab ntawm ob peb hom.
Qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov cawv thiab lwm yam zoo, qis rau cov cawv zoo tib yam, zoo tshaj plaws rau vintage thiab sau. Ordinary wines txawv los ntawm cov vintage thiab cov cawv txiv hmab hauv qhov tseeb ntawm kev laus. Cov cawv dawb, xim liab thiab xim liab suav nrog cov tub hluas hluas uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog - lam fwj 3 mus rau 12 hlis tom qab ua cov txiv hmab rau hauv kua txiv. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov cawv pheej yig rau uas cov khoom siv raw khoom los yog ntau hom kev tuaj yeem siv tau.
Cov cawv txiv hmab yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog, qhuav - tsawg kawg 1, 5 xyoos, muaj zog thiab khoom qab zib - tsawg kawg 2 xyoos. Lawv tau siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb thiab tsuas yog los ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab uas siv rau kev tsim cov hom hauv cawv. Cov cawv ntawm lub txiv hmab muaj lub cev saj. Cov cawv txiv hmab uas tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom ntim khoom ntim; lawv ntxiv rau hnub nyoog hauv qhov ntev tsawg kawg 3 xyoos.
