Cov carbohydrates yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog thiab cov as-ham rau tib neeg lub cev. Lawv txhawb lub hlwb thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov enzymes, amino acids, nucleic acids, immunoglobulins. Carbohydrates tau muab faib ua 2 pawg: yooj yim thiab cov nyom.
Cov carbohydrates yooj yim hu ua monosaccharides lossis disaccharides. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom cov tshuaj yooj yim, tau nrawm nrawm los ntawm lub cev thiab cia hauv ob peb feeb ntxiv cov ntshav qab zib cov ntsiab lus. Kev zom cov zaub mov muaj xws li: piam thaj - piam thaj hauv piam thaj, fructose - kua txiv qab zib, sucrose - qab zib zaub mov, lactose - qab zib mis, maltose - malt qab zib.
Cov carbohydrates yooj yim tsis muaj cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig; ntawm qhov tsis tooj, lawv ua rau koj tshaib plab thiab xav noj tej yam qab zib. Lawv pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau hauv cov khoom qab zib, phoov dej qab zib, dej qab zib, khob cij dawb thiab confectionery. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov carbohydrates ceev, tab sis ntxiv rau ntuj qab zib, lawv muaj fiber, uas me ntsis ua rau kev nqus ntawm fructose.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau hom carbohydrates (polysaccharides, starches) yog cov saw ntev uas muaj cov suab thaj nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab maj mam ua kom cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau. Tom qab siv lub hnub qub, muaj lub zog ntawm lub zog, thiab txoj kev xav ntawm satiety tseem nyob ntev. Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv tag nrho cov nplej, legumes, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, durum nplej zom nplej, oatmeal, thiab txhuv xim av.
Cov khoom noj ua si yooj yim ua rau cov ntshav qab zib nce siab, thaum ua kom muaj cov carbohydrates ntau zog rau kev muab lub cev nrog cov as-ham. Tsis tas li ntawd, mono- thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem tsim ib qho dhau ntawm cov piam thaj, uas hloov mus rau hauv cov rog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm insulin. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim tsis tu ncua, ib tus neeg yuav muaj lub cev metabolic ntshaus thiab, vim li ntawd, kev mob tshwm sim hauv lub cev metabolic syndrome tshwm sim, uas yog cov yam ntxwv rog dhau, ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib cov ntshav qab zib thiab ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Tsis zoo li cov carbohydrates yooj yim, cov carbohydrates ua ke tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij zoo li no. Lawv muaj cov suab thaj hauv lub cev tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov rog ntau dhau los ntawm kev txhim tsa. Yog li, thiaj li ua kom muaj qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev zom zaub mov, cov khoom noj khoom haus carbohydrates hauv kev noj haus yuav tsum yeej dhau qhov yooj yim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg tsis tseem ceeb ntawm carbohydrates, uas suav nrog cellulose thiab pectins. Cellulose yog ib feem ntawm kev ntxhib ntxoo kev noj haus, uas ua kom lub plab zom mov kom zoo. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau kev rog dhau, cholelithiasis, kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, thiab lwm yam. Cellulose normalizes kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig ua hnyuv microflora, thiab pectin muaj peev xwm txwv cov kab mob putrefactive thiab tshem tawm cov kua qaub. Ua ke, cov carbohydrates uas tsis pom kev zoo pab txhawb kom tshem tawm cov roj hauv lub cev.
