Whiskey yog ib qho dej cawv muaj zog uas tau los ntawm distilling fermented npias wort thiab tom qab ntawd muaj hnub nyoog nyob hauv cov ntoo ntoo. Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau whiskey yog barley, nplej, nplej thiab pob kws.
Whiskey tau yog cov neeg haus dej haus ntev ntawm cov neeg Celtic. Rau Scots thiab Irish, nws muaj tib lub ntsiab lus zoo li vodka rau Lavxias thiab Poles. Scotland thiab Ireland tau txuas ntxiv mus sib cav tias qhov twg yog lawv muaj txoj cai raug hu ua qhov chaw yug ntawm whiskey, tab sis tsis muaj txoj cai txwv tsis pub siv cov lus "whiskey" rau cov dej haus uas tsim hauv cov tebchaws no. Yog vim li ntawd, nrog rau lub npe nrov Scotch (nws feem ntau hu ua "scotch") thiab whiskey Irish, Canadian thiab Asmeskas, thiab Japanese whiskey kuj tau tsim tawm.
Lub npe ntawm cov dej haus no yog los ntawm cov lus Scottish (nws tau hais hauv tebchaws Ireland): uisge (lossis uisce) beatha txhais tau tias "dej ntawm lub neej". Thawj cov ntaub ntawv sau ntawm whiskey hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 15th, txawm hais tias nws tau kwv yees tias Irish thiab Scottish monks tau tuaj yeem thim mash los ntawm nplej ntau xyoo ua ntej hnub ntawd.
Kev tsim txom Whiskey yog cov txheej txheem nthuav dav nrog ntau theem.
Malting - kev kho cua sov thiab fermentation. Kev tsim cov malt thiab grain whiskey yog txawv me ntsis. Rau thawj, theem ntawm malting yog yuav tsum tau, uas yog, germination ntawm barley. Thaum lub sijhawm cov txheej txheem no, cov enzymes yog ua kom - cov enzymes uas xav tau los hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej rau hauv qab zib thiab thaum kawg ua cawv. Txog grain whiskey, nplej lossis pob kws yog siav kom hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej rau hauv cov suab thaj. Tom qab ntawd wort yog npaj los ntawm hauv av grain thiab dej. Tom qab hais txog ob hnub ntawm fermentation, wort nce 6-8% cawv thiab npaj txhij rau distillation.
Distillation. Lub whiskey wort yog distilled ob zaug, feem ntau hauv cov tooj liab tseem. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov distillation thawj tsis muaj cov poov xab thiab lwm yam kev poob qis, thiab cov dej cawv nce siab txog 20%. Thaum lub sijhawm zaum ob, cawv peb feem ntawm cov dej cawv tau faib - thawj ("lub taub hau"), nruab nrab ("plawv") thiab zaum kawg ("tus Tsov tus tw"), tab sis tsuas yog ib nrab xwb yuav siv rau kev tsim cov dej cawv. Qib cawv nyob rau hauv nws yog kwv yees li 68%.
Tshaj. Cov theem tom ntej yog kev laus hauv cov ntoo ntoo. Thaum lub hnub nyoog laus dua, tus whiskey tau txais nws cov xim zoo li amber, thiab qhov saj yuav ua tau ntau dua thiab softer. Qee tus cawv hnia nws. Scotch whiskey raug cai yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov kav dej tsawg kawg 3 xyoos, tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam nce lub sijhawm no mus rau 8, 10, 12, 15 lossis ntau xyoo rau cov hom kim. Tom qab lub hwj, lub ntuj aroma thiab saj ntawm whiskey tsis hloov.
Txhawj. Qhov kev laus yog tom qab los ntawm theem ntawm kev sib tov, uas yog, kev npaj zaum kawg, haus dej "zaum kawg" (tsis yog yuav tsum tau tsis meej pem nrog cov qhov ncauj xyaw cawv!). Ntau cov sib txawv ntawm malt whiskey lossis grain thiab malt whiskey tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke. Tom qab tov, cov dej haus yog muab dua me ntsis "so" kom cov tastes sib txawv muaj sijhawm los sib sau ua ke.
Cov Hom thiab ntau hom
Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau whiskey yog barley, nplej, nplej thiab pob kws.
- Malt whiskey yog ib qho whiskey uas ua los ntawm malted barley.
- Lis cov cawv ntxig tsim los ntawm cov nplej, txhuv thiab pob kws.
- Blended whiskey yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw malt thiab cawv cawv.
Ntxiv rau kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, nws yog kev coj ua qhov txawv kom txawv cov hom hauv qab ntawm malt whiskey:
Vatted malt yog qhov sib tov ntawm malt whiskey los ntawm ntau yam distilleries. Xws li cov dej haus tuaj yeem tau sau tias dawb malt lossis tov malt rau ntawm daim ntawv lo.
Ib qho malt - malt whiskey los ntawm ib lub distillery. Yog tias daim ntawv lo qhia tsis lo ib pob (cais ntim), tom qab ntawd ib qho whiskey yog ib qho khoom ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib txawv hauv chav sib faib.
Ib qho tib si - malt whiskey los ntawm nyias muaj nyias pob. Cov haus dej hauv hwj tau tuaj yeem khaws nws lub zog cask lossis yuav tsum nrawm rau cov dej cawv txheem ntawm 40 lossis 43%.
Cask zog - Cask zog malt whiskey. Qhov uas tsis tshua muaj dej haus uas khaws tau nws lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas yog los ntawm 50 txog 65% cawv.
