Xwj! Nws muaj muag hauv txhua lub khw, hauv txhua lub lag luam, hauv ib qho twg, txawm tias lub tsev me tshaj plaws. Nws noj los ntawm cov tib neeg tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas, tab sis cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj nws. Qhob noom xim kasfes tuaj yeem yog iab, mis nyuj, dawb, ntxig, ntshav qab zib. Kas fes, cognac, vanillin, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries, raisins, txiv ntoo, waffles, ncuav qab zib, txiv hmab txiv ntoo candied, txawm hais tias kua txob tau ntxiv rau nws! Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, chocolate tau muag hauv cov khw muag tshuaj kom muaj zog thiab muaj zog, thiab cov laj thawj rau kev nce siab hauv kev xav los ntawm kev noj chocolate yog tseem tsis tau piav qhia tag nrho. Cov khoom zoo no tuaj qhov twg los, thiab nws tsim li cas?
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm cocoa thiab chocolate
Nyob ib puag ncig thaum pib ntawm peb lub caij nyoog, cov neeg Isdias Khab tau tawm ntawm thaj av Yucatan. Ntawm no lawv pom ib tsob ntoo cocoa qus. Tau ntau pua xyoo, Isdias Asmesliskas tau tov cov noob taum cocoa, dej thiab kua txob rau tsim kom muaj qhov zoo kawg nkaus, iab me ntsis, haus dej haus cawv uas muaj cov khoom noj tshuaj. Nws tshem tawm kev qaug zog, muab lub zog, dispersed kev tu siab. Cov neeg Mayans tau cog cov chaw cog qoob loo loj heev ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, idolized nws, xav tias cocoa ib qho khoom plig los ntawm cov vaj tswv.
Thawj European tau saj cov cocoa yog Christopher Columbus. Tab sis nws tsis txaus siab rau cov dej haus zoo heev, thiab cocoa taum tseem tsis tau txwv. Tsuas yog 17 xyoo tom qab, conquistador Hernan Cortez txaus siab rau haus dej haus. Tom qab qhov kev sib tw, uas xaus rau xyoo 1528, Hernan Cortez nqa ob peb lub hnab ntawm cov cocoa taum mus rau Tebchaws Europe, tau muab nws lub npe chocolate niaj hnub, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov neeg European tau txaus siab rau haus.
Xyoo 1828, Dutchman Konrad van Guten patented txoj hauv kev pheej yig dua rau cov hmoov av cocoa thiab cocoa cawv. Qhov no pub cov zus tau tej cov chocolate nyuaj raws li peb paub. Thawj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tau tsim tawm xyoo 1847 ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm Askiv confectionery J. S. Fry & Sons.
Ua chocolate
Qhob noom xim kasfes yog tsim los ntawm cocoa taum. Lawv pom hauv lub sam thiaj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cocoa tsob ntoo, ob peb lub cev hauv ib lub txiv.
Cov taum yog qhuav, ntxuav, faib thiab kib txhawm rau txhim kho saj thiab muaj ntxhiab. Tom qab ntawd nws yog crushed rau hauv cereals thiab tig mus ua kua ua kua. Qhov rog yog 52-56% ntawm cocoa taum, uas yog vim li cas nws hu ua "cocoa butter". Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cocoa cawv yuav tau txais. Cocoa butter yog nyem ntawm nws ntawm cov xovxwm, tom qab ntawd "cocoa ncuav mog qab zib" tseem nyob.
Cov qhob noom xim kasfes yog tsim los ntawm cocoa loj, cocoa butter thiab hmoov qab zib, thiab cocoa hmoov yog tsim los ntawm cov cocoa ncuav mog qab zib. Cov khoom xyaw ua khoom noj (txiv ntseej, txiv ntseej, cognac, thiab lwm yam) ntxiv rau chocolate pawg thiab xa rau cov duab puab.
