Xya txoj hauv kev yooj yim los ua kom koj lub neej ntsuab, yuav cov khoom lag luam zoo dua, thiab siv nyiaj tsawg dua rau lawv.
Koj puas xav ua neej nyob lub neej ntsuab, tab sis tsis paub yuav ua li cas paub cov lus pom zoo tsawg? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav pom cov lus qhia yooj yim uas yuav pab koj yuav cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, thiab tseem cuam tshuam cov tuam ntxhab.
1. Cov lag luam ntse dua cov khw
Txoj kev siv tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog sau cov khoom yuav khoom. Tab sis, kom peb ua siab ncaj, muaj ntau zaus tsis muaj sijhawm rau qhov no, peb mus xyuas lub khw muag khoom nrawm heev, thiab yog peb mus rau qhov ntawd nws tau npaj tseg, ces qhov no yog qhov kev ncig thoob ntiaj teb mus rau lub khw muag khoom loj, los ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj teeb meem tawm mus yam tsis muaj kev yuav khoom Cov.
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav yog sau rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rau hauv xov tooj. Daim ntawv khiav tawm - lawv sau nws cia, zawv plaub hau xaus - lawv sau cia, Kuv xav tau ib qho chocolate ncuav qab zib - lawv sau cia. Txawm tias daim ntawv teev tsis tiav txo tau qhov muaj feem yuav ntau. Tab sis nws tsis ploj tag nrho, vim hais tias cov neeg lag luam nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj tau los nrog txoj hauv kev zoo uas yuav ua rau tib neeg mus yuav yam uas tsis tsim nyog:
- cov khoom kim yog ib txwm muab tso rau ntawm qhov muag qib, tshem tawm cov pheej yig hauv qab;
- kev nce qib, qhov twg thaum yuav ib yam khoom - lub trinket ua khoom plig;
- qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws (mis, qhob cij) hauv qhov tob tob hauv khw.
Qhov no muaj dab tsi ua nrog ecology? Qhov feem ntau ncaj qha. Tom qab tag nrho, cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb poob rau dab tsi? Cov ntais, cov khoom qab zib, faib kua txiv rau hauv ib lub hnab, cwjmem zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam uas tsis tseem ceeb. Ib lub khob noom qab zib noj ntawm qhov chaw tawm ntawm lub khw yoov hla lub thoob khib nyiab. Lub teeb tau tawg thiab pov tseg nrog cov khoom hauv tsev, ua rau kev puas tsuaj puag ncig.
2. Biodegradation ntawm yas yog cov lus dab neeg
Koj puas tseem muaj lub hnab ntim hnab nyob hauv tsev? Nws yog lub sijhawm siv nws! Cov lus nug dab tsi cov qhua tuaj noj mov ntsib tom kev txheeb xyuas? "Nyob zoo, koj puas xav tau lub pob?" Nqa ib qho ntawm lawv hauv koj lub hnab ev ntawv lossis hnab ris, lossis yuav ib lub hnab ntaub tshwj xeeb nrog tus qauv tsim lossis sau ntawv zoo li "Cat Dinner Booty".
Yuav kom hais ib co lej, ib lub hnab yas yuav siv sij hawm 450 xyoo los rhuav thiab lwm 50 mus rau 80 xyoo yuav ua kom tiav. Ntawd yog, pob ntawv pov los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, uas tam sim no tau ya sab nraum lub qhov rais, yuav ya rau lwm ib nrab xyoo txhiab. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, ib lub koom haum tsis ruaj khov tau muag cov hnab ntim khoom siv hnab khib nyiab nrog lub zog thiab qhov tseem ceeb, thov tias lawv ua kom lub cev qhuav hauv peb xyoos. Tab sis lub tsev hais plaub thiab Koom Haum rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Txoj Cai tsis lees yuav qhov no. Nws tau muab cov ntawv tshwj xeeb polymer, cov khoom lag luam yas. Hauv 1-2 lub xyoo, nws yuav tawg mus rau hauv cov kab tawg me me, tau txais kev muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv mus - cov cua tshuab me me yuav tshuab nws kaum thiab txhiab txhiab km ntawm qhov av pov tseg. Cov kab mob me me no ua rau ntau qhov kev phom sij ntau dua li lub hnab dag nyob hauv qab roob ntawm lub hnab zoo sib xws.
Koj tuaj yeem tawm tsam qhov no. Piv txwv li, xaiv mis nyuj rau hauv lub hnab ntawv lossis lub khob ntim thiab tsis quav ntsej rau cov kab ntim ntawm cov hwj yas. Ib qho tsis tuaj yeem nco qab cov sij hawm thaum cov kua mis muag tam sim ntawd los ntawm lub taub ntim mis nyuj, nchuav rau hauv cov hlau thiab txhuas poom. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb - ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, siv dua ntim. Thiab kom qhov zoo siab ntawm nostalgia, tam sim no ntau thiab ntau zaus koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khw muag cov mis haus tshiab tshiab.
Yog tias, tom qab tag nrho, cov kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm yas thiab iav, muab kev nyiam rau iav. Ntawm txhua qhov ua tau, nws cov khoom lag luam yog cov kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thawv ntim iav los ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav tseem yuav siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub - lawv tuaj yeem siv los khaws kua zaub thiab compotes hauv tub yees tsis tas siv cov thawv ntim khoom yas luv luv.
3. Txhav tas
Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog qhov tsim txaus ntshai ntawm qee qhov kev coj ua thiab kev coj ua, tab sis tsuas yog lub sijhawm hais txog kev siv cov khoom lag luam tsim nyob hauv lawv thaj av, ib qho kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua lag luam. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum muab cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis nws raug nquahu kom txo lawv txoj kev noj.
Cov khoom lag luam uas nqa los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv tau siv los tswj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muaj cov lus nug cia khoom thiab lub sijhawm khoom xa tuaj. Tsis txhob hais txog qhov kev raug mob rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav uas tseem khiav ntawm cov roj cav. Tam sim no, rau kev zoo siab ntawm cov chaw nyob, cov khw muag khoom lag luam thiab khw muag khoom "eco" me me tuaj yeem pom ntau dua thiab ntau zaus, qhov twg ob qho tib si txee lub neej thiab kev ua noj ua haus yuav txaus siab rau qhov xav tau tshaj plaws saj.
- Nqaij, nqaij minced, nqaij qaib - txog 24 teev. Tom qab 12 teev, nws raug nquahu kom muab lawv tso rau hauv lub freezer lossis ua noj. Yog hais tias cov nqaij lus dag ntev dua 48 teev, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob noj, cov kab mob pathogenic twb muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias nyob ntawd. Thiab ntawm no peb tsis yog tham txog kev ua kom yooj yim, tab sis hais txog kev tuag taus salmonellosis thiab botulism.
- Fresh lossis chilled ntses - 10-12 teev, nqaij nruab deg - 8 teev. Koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog cov khoom no, kev lom yuav ua rau tus kab mob botulism uas twb tau hais dhau los lawm, nrog rau kev ua rau mob hlwb thiab tuag tes tuag taw.
- Mis nyuj - los ntawm 12 teev txog 3 hnub. Pasteurized tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li 2 lub lis piam. Tsev cheese tsis khaws cia rau ntau tshaj peb hnub, nws yog qhov tsis xav kom txias nws.
4. Cov kaus poom, cov kaus poom, tab sis tsis khov
Thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv Hoobkas, feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham pov tseg. Yog tias cov kev xaiv poob rau kev txuag, tom qab ntawd muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum txiav txim siab:
- GOST kos rau ntawm daim ntawv lo;
- lub tshuab nqus ntim (rau pob kws thiab taum mog);
- txee lub neej yog tsawg dua ib xyoos - nws txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj kev kho cua sov thiab qee qhov tseem ceeb siv tau;
- nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov kua txiv qaub hauv Lavxias thiab CIS lub teb chaws, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab los ntawm 7 cm yog siv, yog tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me dua, cov no yog kev ntshuam thiab ntxiv rau cov txuj lom, kuj tseem muaj tshuaj los kho qhov "tsoo".
Yog tias koj yog tus tswv tsev muaj hmoo ntawm lub tub yees nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me, xav tias koj yuav zaub thiab legumes thaum lub caij ntuj sov, thaum lawv yuav pheej yig dua, thiab khov qee lub caij ntuj no. Kev Txom Nyem rau Yawg kev ua raws li kev npaj rau lub caij ntuj no tsis yog qhov muaj nyiaj xwb, tabsis kuj tseem ceeb rau txoj hauv kev thiab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tso tseg kev khaws cia khaws cia zoo, xaiv qhov khov thiab cov khoom noj kaus poom hauv tsev.
- qos yaj ywm, carrots;
- kua txob;
- cauliflower, zaub qhwv dawb yog khov tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub qhwv;
- peas, pob kws, taum ntsuab;
- dill thiab parsley;
- qhob zaub sib tov.
5. Koj yuav txwv tsis tau kom zoo nkauj, tab sis nws yuav tsum yog
Qhov ci ntsa iab, ua kom zoo li ib qho khoom noj ntawm qee cov txiv ntoo zoo li khoom ua si ntau dua li cov zaub mov tiag. Ntau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ci, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib nrab, ntsuas ob lub txiv lws suav, txiv mab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj los yog txiv tsawb zoo nkauj heev. Koj lub cev yuav tsis ua koj tsaug rau cov zaub mov zoo li ntawd. Sim xaiv cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo zus tuaj rau lawv lub caij ntuj siav.
Piv txwv li, cov txiv ntseej tuaj yeem yuav nyab xeeb thiab yuav noj yam tsis tau saib rov qab los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm lub Cuaj Hli txog rau Lub Kaum Hli - qhov no yog lawv lub caij ntuj siav, qee qhov chaw qhia thaum Lub Yim Hli, tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no muaj 50/50 qhov muaj feem. khoom zoo. Lwm lub sijhawm ntawm kev muag khoom tau hais txog lawv qhov kev paub tab "tshuaj" thiab qhov tseeb tias lawv tau muag tam sim no thaum Lub Xya Hli yog qhov tsim nyog rau koj tus neeg saib xyuas thiab hla dhau lub tais. Lub caij nyoog citrus - txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis txog Lub Ob Hlis, tso cai rau koj kom noj zaub mov txias rau ntawm lub Xyoo Tshiab lub rooj noj mov, thiab lub caij qos - txij thaum Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Yim Hli, uas txhais tau tias qos yaj ywm ci hauv qhov hluav taws yuav tsis tsuas yog saj tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis kuj tseem noj qab nyob zoo.
6. Kev cim kom paub ntau lawm
Ntxiv rau qhov GOST npav, uas tau hais los saum no, tseem muaj OST thiab TU. Ua tib zoo saib lawv thiab tsuas yog siv nrog GOST, tsis tshua muaj teeb meem OST, txawm li cas los xij txaus nyiam qhov ntim thiab tshaj tawm ntawm cov npav TU ntawv tej zaum yuav yog.
Cov Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob (TU) yog cov ntaub ntawv uas kos los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom thiab tsis muaj tus saib xyuas lossis kos nws, tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ntxiv ib qho hloov pauv rau ib qho khoom xyaw rau cov khoom lag luam yam tsis muaj cim rau hauv cov lus.
Lub xeev tus qauv yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Yog hais tias qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm butter hais tias "cream ntawm xws thiab xws li cov rog cov ntsiab lus" thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, nws txhais tau tias tsis muaj lwm yam tab sis qab zib. GOST raug kuaj xyuas nruj dua, nws yog qhov zoo ib yam rau txhua tus thiab cov kev rau txim loj tom qab nws ua txhaum - raug nplua txog 1 lab rubles, khov ntawm ib qho kev lag luam rau peb lub hlis lossis raug kaw mus txog 10 xyoo, nws txhua tus nyob ntawm kev loj heev ntawm lub txim.
Tus txheej txheem kev lag luam (OST) yog tus qauv hauv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb rau qhov GOST tsis tau tsim. Ua raws OST yog nruj li GOST, vim tias lawv yuav tsum ua raws GOST.
7. Koj tsis yog noj dab tsi, tab sis koj tsis tau nyeem
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov teev tseg, ntxiv rau lawv cov kev txiav txim. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yuav tsum los ua ntej hauv daim ntawv, thiab tus so hauv txo lub ntim. Yog hais tias thawj kem ntawm cov kua txiv hais tias “dej”, tom qab ntawd “qab zib” thiab tsuas yog “kua txiv kua txiv” - koj tsis haus kua txiv. Thiab daim ntawv luv luv, ntau dua cov khoom zoo.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E yog qhov tseeb txhua yam tsis phom sij. Nov tsuas yog qhov kev cai luv luv xwb, ib yam li kab mob kev nkeeg. Nyob ib ncig ntawm qee qhov, muaj qhov tsis tseeb cuav vim qhov teeb meem raug rho tawm ntawm cov tawv nqaij ua xua, thiab ntau yam ua rau cov neeg tsis tau kawm txog chemistry hauv tsev kawm ntawv txaus ntshai. Tab sis, dua, yog tias koj ua raws li cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, cov khoom lag luam nrog "E-shkami" tsis zoo hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav poob rau hauv koj txhais tes ntau tsawg dua.
Ib daim ntawv teev me me ntawm kev muaj mob E ntxiv rau:
- E-100 - zas xim raws turmeric extract;
- E-101 - vitamin B2;
- E-140 - chlorophyll derivative;
- E-160a - zas xim raws kua txiv ntug;
- E-160s - paprika extract;
- E-260 - acetic acid;
- E-234 - ntuj tso tshuaj tua kab mob raws li cov kab mob lactic acids;
- E-290 - carbon dioxide;
- E-300, 301, 302 - ntau yam ntawm cov vitamin C;
- E-306 - vitamin E;
- E-406 - agar-agar, "niam txiv" ntawm gelatin;
- E-412 - cov pos hniav guar (siv ua cov thickener).
Cia peb lub ntsej muag:
- Tsis muaj kev lag luam gimmicks - peb nqa cov pob khoom, saib rau hauv qab qis thiab theem siab dua, ua cov npe kwv yees;
- Cov ntawv thov tsis zoo, kev ua lag luam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum yog qhov zoo;
- Peb paub yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom noj kaus poom, thiab muab sijhawm rau qee "E-shkam";
- Qab "muaj" rau zaub khov, categorical tsis kam rau "khoom ua si";
- Peb coj GOST thiab OST, peb kho TU nrog kev ntxub ntxaug.
Xya lub tswv yim yooj yim no tuaj yeem hloov kho koj lub neej, cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab cov tsim tawm. Koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv yog nyob hauv koj txhais tes. Yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom xaiv ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom tsis zoo yuav tawm ntawm lub khw lossis yuav raug yuam kom ua raws cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.
