Lo lus surstremming yog ntawm Swedish keeb kwm. Nov yog qhov tshwj xeeb Scandinavian delicacy uas tsis yog txhua tus yuav txaus siab rau. Cov zaub mov yog cov kaus poom pickled herring nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb saj thiab tsw.
Qhuas ua zaub mov noj thev naus laus zis
Lo lus surstremming nws tus kheej muaj ob ntu. Thawj txhais tau tias "qaub" lossis "fermented", qhov thib ob - Baltic herring. Nws yog Swedish lub teb chaws cov khoom lag luam uas tau ntim cov kaus poom pickled herring.
Lub thev naus laus zis rau kev ua noj ua haus surstremming yog qhov yooj yim heev. Fresh Baltic herring yog siv, uas yog salted nrog qhov ntau ntawm herring thiab muab tso rau hauv kev qhib zaub mov. Txhua yam yog sab laug mus rau ferment rau ob peb hnub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntses enzymes thiab cov kab mob ua rau ntau cov acids:
- Kev Tshaj Tawm
- Roj
- Vinegar
- Hydrogen sulfide.
Thaum cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb pom tshwm, tus herring yuav muab xa mus rau cov kaus poom, uas nws tau txav mus ntxiv. Txog thaum cov khoom lag luam npaj thaum kawg, nws txais lub teeb ci ntsa iab uas zoo nkaus li tsis zoo rau ntau tus.
Herring rau kev ua txhaum yog ib txwm ntes tau thaum Lub Plaub Hlis, ua ntej thaum yug me nyuam. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav, lub taub hau thiab cov nplawm rau tshem tawm, tab sis caviar tshuav, uas muab cov saj tshwj xeeb. Cov ntses muab tso rau hauv cov tais nrog pungent brine rau ob peb hnub. Qhov no tshem tawm ntshav thiab rog. Tom qab ntawd nws txav mus rau lwm cov kas tham, nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog rau lwm ob lub hlis, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd herring softens thiab qaub.
Txog Lub Xya Hli, qhov herring kaw rau hauv lub rhawv zeb, uas tau muab tso rau qhov chaw txias. Hauv cov kaus poom, cov ntses tseem qaub. Yuav ua li cas nyab xeeb thiab zoo fermented herring yuav tig tawm yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm brine thiab qhov kub ntawm cov kegs tau khaws cia.
Qhib cov iav hwj iav nrog sab nraud yog qhov txaus ntshai. Cov kua txiv nyob hauv qab ntawm lub siab ceev tau tuaj yeem muab tshuaj tua tau txhua yam puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, Kuv qhib lub kaus poom tsis hais ntawm txoj kev lossis xa khoom mus rau hauv dej.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev ua kom tiav
Fermentation yog ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau nrov thiab nrov txoj kev khaws cia. Qhov kev ntsiag to yog npaj tau siv tib lub thev naus laus zis, tab sis nrog cov nuances me uas tau piav qhia los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom.
Surstremming tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th thaum tsov rog ntawm Swedish vaj ntxwv Gustav I Vasa nrog lub nroog German dawb ntawm Lubeck. Vim muaj kev ua rog, muaj qhov tsis txaus txog ntau yam khoom, piv txwv li, ntsev. Yog li ntawd, herring yuav tsum tau ntsev nrog cov ntsev tsawg. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj kev txuag tau cuam tshuam thiab tus herring tau pib ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob, cov khoom pov tseg yuav tsuas yog muab pov tseg, tab sis thaum lub caij ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev tshaib plab tshwm sim, yog li lub herring, uas zoo li lwj tag, pib noj.
Cov neeg tau pom tias saj ntawm zaub mov, tab sis tshwj xeeb, tsis yog qias neeg. Ntau tus neeg nyiam lub sourish txawv ntxoov ntxoo. Tsis ntev, cov cuab yeej technology no tau siv dav. Ntsev rau cov hnub ntawd tseem kim heev, txawm tias tsis muaj hnub tseem ceeb). Rau cov neeg pluag, fermenting herring nyob rau hauv me ntsis ntsev tau dhau los ua txoj kev tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws kev txuag. Tam sim no surstremming yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kaus poom zaub mov, tau txais kev pab nrog npias thiab nkig.
Khoom nta
Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom:
- Cov ntxhiab tsw zoo
- Lub plab ntev
- Qaub saj.
Cov zaub mov tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau cov ntxhiab tsw heev, muaj zog hais txog cov ntxhiab ntawm cov ntses lwj. Txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov no, surstemming yog tam sim no suav hais tias yog ib qho kev nyiam noj zoo nkauj, uas yog muab rau noj hmo thiab noj mov hauv rooj noj mov. Nws tsis noj txhua hnub, nws tawm hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Cov ntses yog nrov thoob plaws Sweden, tab sis High Coast, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Sweden, yog suav tias yog nws lub tsev thiab chaw nyob.
Qhov kev quaj ntsuag feem ntau yog siv los ua khoom noj txom ncauj npias, thiab cov qhaub cij yog ua los ntawm pickled herring. Qhov qab ntsev-qaub saj thiab pungent tsis hnov tsw tsw ua rau nws ua noj peculiar tsis yog rau txhua tus. Muaj tseeb tiag connoisseurs noj surstremming ncaj ncaj ntawm lub kaus poom, tsis muaj mov ci thiab lwm yam ntxiv.
Fermented herring feem ntau tau txais kev pab nrog cov qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav, cov dos nyoos los yog muab kib, thiab cov ncuav butter. Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo yog ib qho khoom noj txom ncauj tshaj plaws.
Nws ntseeg tau tias cov dej haus zoo tshaj plaws haum rau zaub mov:
- Npias
- Schnapps
- Mis
- Yulmust (Swedish version ntawm kvass).
Qee tus mus rau qhov tseeb txaus siab thiab noj herring pickled nrog lingonberries, thiab ntxuav nws nrog mis nyuj. Feem ntau, cov ntses tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm qhob cij thiab cov roj butter, uas yog nquag nphoo nrog cov hauv paus dos txhoov: qhov sib xyaw no me ntsis neutralizes pungent saj thiab tsw. Ntxuav txhua yam nrog npias txias lossis schnapps.
Lub teb chaws sib txawv yog herring ntawm Swedish flatbread, nrog qos yaj ywm, dos, thiab cheese. Hauv cov qauv no, cov zaub mov nyiam txawm tias cov neeg tsis paub tseeb tshaj plaws.
Cov ntsiab lus nthuav txog kev ua phem
Tau ntev, qhov muag ntawm surstremming tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev txiav txim muaj koob muaj npe, raws li cov uas pickled herring tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv txee ua ntej hnub Thursday thib peb ntawm Lub Yim Hli. Txoj cai tau tso tseg xyoo 1998 thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov zaub mov twg hnub ntawm lub xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau ntawm kev thov ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm surstremming, peb hnub Thursday ntawm Lub Yim Hli tseem yog lub teb chaws loj hnub so, thaum ntau tus neeg tsis saib xyuas cov khoom ntawm lub sijhawm ib txwm zoo siab ntxiv nws rau cov zaub mov.
Lub Plaub Hlis 2006, ntau lub dav hlau loj, suav nrog British Airways, txwv tsis pub kaus poom kom tsis txhob poob vim tias lub tsev txhab nyiaj tuaj yeem tawg tau txhua lub sijhawm. Ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tseem ceeb hauv Stockholm, kev muag ntawm herring txawm raug tso tseg.
Ob peb lwm haiv neeg muaj ib cov tsiaj ntawm cov zaub mov. Yog li, cov Komi (Zyryans) tau ua ib qho zaub mov zoo sib xws los ntawm cov ntses dej. Lawv tau hu nws "Pechora ntsev". Daim ntawv qhia qub no tau muaj txoj sia nyob niaj hnub no nyob hauv daim ntawv uas tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Komi siv cov ntses rau ntau lub lauj kaub tais diav, piv txwv li, rau kev ua kua zaub ntses (yukva), hau, hau thiab qhuav. Nws tsis tshua nyiam muab kib. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm thiab tus nqi kim ntawm ntsev tsis tau ua kom cov ntses ntsev. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws tau khaws cia ntawm dej khov lossis hauv qhov dej tob kom nws tuaj yeem siv tau. Hauv tundra, cov ကျင်း tau raug khawb mus rau permafrost thiab cov ntses ntawm cov ntses tau tsawg nyob ntawd. Ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm salting muaj nyob hauv nruab nrab Pechora. Vim li ntawd thiaj hu ua "Pechora ntsev". Cov ntses yog me ntsis salted, muab tso rau hauv cov thoob, thiab sab laug hauv qhov chaw sov (feem ntau siv hauv da dej). Cov ntses muaj ceem tau muaj muaj zog thiab ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab. Nws noj nrog diav.
Tsis yog txhua tus neeg nyiam ua kom txaus siab saj ntawm Swedish cov ntses delicacy. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj kov yeej qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev hnov ntxhiab tsw, koj yuav tau txais cov khoom plig uas nyiam zoo nkauj tsis zoo li lwm yam. Yog hais tias rau lub Swedes xws li lub tais yog ntau dua los yog tsawg zoo me me, feem ntau cov neeg txawv teb chaws yuav tsis twv sim nws. Lawv yuam cai hu rau lub teb chaws Scandinavian phaj "taj herring", "Swedish rotten herring", "thib ob tshiab herring."
Qhov tseeb, Baltic herring yog siv rau kev npaj ntawm kev ua phem, tsis yog herring. Cov ntses yog xaiv ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, thiab siv thev naus laus zis yog nruj me ntsis saib.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj cov nqaij herring muaj ntau cov yeeb yam uas yuav tsum ua raws li txhawm rau txhawm rau saj. Ua ntej, kev tsim txom mus txuas ntxiv kom muaj kev ywj pheej hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau. Yog li ntawd, cov kaus poom feem ntau qhib hauv qab dej. Yog tias koj qhib qhov phais nyob hauv cov huab cua ntshiab, koj yuav tau muab tshuaj txhuam nrog ntses brine, qhov tsis hnov tsw uas yuav luag tsis yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws. Yog tias koj qhib cov kaus poom zaub mov rau sab hauv tsev, ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias tag nrho lub tsev yuav tsuas yog muaj cov kua uas tsis zoo, lub ntxhiab tsw yuav nyiam yoov. Rau kev npaj cov qhaub cij, ncuav ci ncuav tsis xyaw xim yog siv, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov mos mos ua los ntawm yaj lub whey kis.
